Thursday, December 8, 2011

PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE vs PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

INTRODUCTION

1.1.Background
Nowadays, there are many students who still do not understand about the difference between PAST FUTURE PERFECT tense and PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS tense. That's because this form is rarely used in daily conversations. Therefore, the existence of this paper is expected to assist students to understand and comprehend the difference between PAST FUTURE PERFECT tense and PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS tense.                                

1.2. Purpose and Objectives
1.2.1.      Purpose
            The purpose of this paper is expected to be material to add a reference in science, so as to develop insights and mindset.
1.2.2.      Objectives
1.2.2.1.         To accomplish the task of papers in English lesson.
1.2.2.2.         To examine further the difference between PAST FUTURE PERFECT tense and PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS tense.

1.3.Issues
To avoid any confusion in the preparation of this paper, the authors limit the issues to be discussed included:
1.3.1.      Explaining the PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
1.3.2.      Explaining the PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.4. Writing Methodology
To facilitate the process of data collection in the preparation and writing of this paper, the authors use the following method:
1.4.1.      Internet Research
            The observation was carried out to find the data that exist on the internet relating to the problems that exist in this paper.

1.4.2.      Books Research
The observation was carried out to find the data that is on the books related to the problems that exist in this paper.

1.5. Writing Systematical
One characteristic of a scientific work is there must be systematic in literary writing. This is intended to obtain an objective and rational explanation, making it easier for us in understanding the content contained in this paper.
In writing this paper, one to another chapter has a link that related to the details as follows:
            Chapter I         Introduction   
a.       Background
b.      Purpose and Objectives
c.       Issues
d.      Writing Methodology
e.       Writing Systematical
Chapter II       Discussion
Chapter III      Closing
a.       Conclusion
b.      Suggestion

DISCUSSION
           Tenses are very important to learn if you want to speak English properly. Tenses do not exist in Indonesian, so once again it’s very important to learn tenses. Tense is the change of verb in English sentences which are caused by changes in information over time (adverb of time).
In broad outline can be explained here that the problem of tenses is basically a problem of variation of changes in verb form (verb): full verb, be, and which usually serves as an auxiliary predicate in the sentence, which must be tailored to the type of expression information (time expression). If you are familiar with the rules (rules) of the models follows the verb changes, and also understand the following expression clustering time, you definitely will not experience difficulties in the use of tenses.
Nowadays, there are many students still do not understand the who about the difference, Between Past future perfect tense and past future perfect continuous tense. That's because this form is rarely used in daily conversations. There are some differences between those two forms like structure, usage, adverbs, and the pattern of question words.
                                     
2.1.  Structure
Past future perfect tense is used to describe some action that has happened earlier which results is something not to the satisfaction of the doer.
(+)          S + should/would + have + V-3 + O
(-)           S + shouldn’t/wouldn’t + have + V-3 + O
(?)           Should/would + S + have + V-3 + O
(-?)          Shouldn’t/wouldn’t + S + have + V-3 +O


Example 1:
“If I had asked come earlier, I would have bought the last copy of the book.”
Explanation: I did not come earlier. If I did, the last book would still be there and I had the chance to buy it.

Example 2:
“If man had show concern towards the earth, it would not have been polluted to the present extent.”
Explanation: Man did not show concern towards the earth. Man polluted the earth every now and then. It reached a serious state when this sentence is written.

     While the past future perfect continuous tense is used to express actions which occurred at the time that would have come last which occurred in the past.
(+)   S + should/would + have been + V-ing + O
(-)    S + shouldn’t/wouldn’t + have been + V-ing + O
(?)    Should/would + S + have been + V-ing + O
(-?)  Shouldn’t/wouldn’t + S + have been +V-ing + O

Example 1:
“I would have been speaking English.”

Example 2:
“I wouldn’t have been speaking English.”

2.2.  Usage
Past future perfect tense is usually used to express the activities that will (should) have been completed at past time and to declare a conditional sentence type III (past unreal / regretting).
e.g:
1. The activities that will (should) have been completed at past time
“I would have done my homework by 9 o’clock last night.”
(fact: i couldn’t finish my homework)

2.Conditional sentences type III (past unreal/regreting)
“ He wouldn’t have gotten accident if he had driven his car carefully.“
(fact: he got accident)

                 On the other hand, the past perfect continuous future only is used to express the activity that would have been in progress for several times in the past.
e.g:
 “ She would have been sweeping the floor for ten minutes by 6 o’clock this morning.“

2.3.  Adverb
To use an adverb, the two tenses is also having its own different note the table below:

Past future perfect tense
Past future perfect continuous tense
By 9 o’clock last night

By ........... yesterday
By the end of last month

For ..........by the end of last month


2.4.  Question words 
In past future perfect tense and past future perfact continuous tense, there are two kinds of pattern of question. Question to declare a subject different from the question that is used to express other than the subject. A pattern difference between the two tenses is only on the use of the verb.
2.4.1.           Past future perfect tense
·      Asking subject
Pattern:       QWS + would/should + have + V3 + O

Example:  
 (+) He would have danced on the stage.
 (?) who would have danced on the stage?

·      Asking others
Pattern:            QWS + would/should + S + have + V3 + O
Example:
(+) He would have danced on the stage.
(?) Where would  he have danced?

2.4.2.           Past future perfect continuous tense
·                Asking subject
Pattern:       QWS + would/should + have + Ving + O

Example:
(+) She would have been sweeping the floor
(?) Who would have been sweeping the floor

·                Asking others
Pattern:       QWS + would/should + S + have + Ving + O

Example:
(+) She would have been sweeping the floor
(?) What would she have been sweeping?

2.5.  Nominal sentence
Pattern of nominal sentence for past future perfect tense is as same as pattern of nominal sentence for past future perfect continuous tense.
Pattern:            S + would/should + have + been + complement

e.g:
(+)          He would have been happy
(-)           Hhe wouldn’t have been happy
(?)          Would he have been happy?


CLOSING

3.1.    Conclusion
There are some differences between those two forms like structure, usage, adverbs, and the pattern of question words.
Differences
Past future perfect tense
Pas future perfect continuous tense
Structure
(+)S + should/would + have + V-3 + O
(-)S + shouldn’t/wouldn’t + have + V-3 + O
(?)Should/would + S + have + V-3 + O
(-?)Shouldn’t/wouldn’t + S + have + V-3 +O

(+)S + should/would + have been + V-ing + O
(-)S + shouldn’t/wouldn’t + have been + V-ing + O
(?)Should/would + S + have been + V-ing + O
(-?)Shouldn’t/wouldn’t + S + have been +V-ing + O

Usage
·    To express the activities that will (should) have been completed at past time.
·    To declare a conditional sentence type III (past unreal / regretting).
·      To express the activity that would have been in progress for several times in the past.

Adverbs
By 9 o’clock last night

By ........... yesterday
By the end of last month

For ..........by the end of last month
Pattern of question words
·           Asking subject
Pattern:
QWS + would/should + have + V3 + O
·           Asking others
Pattern:
QWS + would/should + S + have + V3 + O

·           Asking subject
Pattern:
QWS + would/should + have + V3 + O
·           Asking others
Pattern:
QWS + would/should + S + have + V3 + O


3.2.   Suggestion
3.2.1.      Please use this tense frequently in your daily life, it can make you always remember this form.
3.2.2.      Please understand this difference carefully to avoid mistakes in using it.

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