CHAPTER I
1.1.
Background
Language takes important role in communication. It
is needed by people to communicate and to interact with each other. Therefore,
language has been acquired have since they were very young. When the time goes
by, people learn their second language in order to face globalization era.
Nowadays, there are a lot of people who have mastered two or more languages to
support their job.
There are some jobs that require someone to master
more than one language such as lecturer, doctor, manager, secretary, and so do
presenter. Presenters have to master two or even more language to support their
job. The presenters who are able to speak more than one language can be
considered as professional. Most of them usually combine those languages when
they present something in front of other. The combination of two or more
language is known as code mixing and code switching.
1.2.
Objectives
1.2.1.
Intent
This
paper is expected to be material to add a reference in science, so as to
develop insights and mindset.
1.2.2.
Goal
1.2.2.1.
To
complete the task of paper in Sociolinguistic Course
1.2.2.2.
To
examine further about code mixing
1.2.2.3.
To
discover type of code mixing which commonly used by presenter
1.3.
The
formulation of the problem
To avoid any confusion in the preparation of this
paper, the author limit the issues to be discussed include:
·
What is code mixing?
·
What type of code mixing that
commonly used by presenter?
1.4.
Writing Methodology
To facilitate the process of data collection in the
preparation and writing of this paper, the authors use the following method:
1.4.1.
Internet Research (Internet
Research)
The
observation was carried out to find the data that exist on the Internet
relating to the problems that exist in this paper.
1.4.2.
Research Book (Book Research)
The
observation was carried out to find the data that is on the books related to
the problems that exist in this paper.
CHAPTER II
2.1.
Definition of Code Mixing
Code
mixing is mixing two or more languagesand only the change some of elements such
as words and phrase in a sentence.Wardhaugh (1986:104) states that
conversational code mixing involves the deliberate mixing to language without
and associated with topic change. It means that the speaker that used code
mixing in their conversation is bilingual person. Furthermore, Fasold
(1984:180) said that pieces of one language are used while a speaker is
basically using another language. The pieces taken from another language are
often words, but they can also be phrase or larger units. Code mixing is
usually happens in informal situation and mixing two languages or more
languages in one situation.
Code mixing happens when two people speak in one
situation by using one language, but in the middle of the sentence they often
use other language. For example, there are two people speak in one situation by
using Bahasa Indonesia, but in the middle of the sentence they sometimes use
English words in the sentence, not all of the sentence.
2.2.
Types of Code Mixing
Muysken
(2000) defines three types of code mixing: insertion, alternation, and congruent
lexicalization.
2.2.1. Insertion
In his view, insertion occurs
when lexical items from one language are incorporated into another.
Example
of insertion (Indonesian/English)
A:
Tergantung leader, terus juga tergantung situation.
(It
depends on the leader and on the situation.)
2.2.2. Alternation
The second category proposed by
Muysken (2000), alternation, occurs when structures of two languages are
alternated indistinctively both at the grammatical and lexical level.
Example
of alternation (English/Indonesian)
A:
You mean, ganti ke kata laen.
(You
mean, change it to another word.)
2.2.3. Congruent Lexicalization
The third and last category in
code mixing is congruent lexicalization, which refers to the situation where
two languages share grammatical structures, which can be filled lexically with
elements from either language (Muysken, 2000).
Example of
Congruent lexicalization (Indonesian/English)
A:
Software gua buat convert file wav jadi mp3 gua uda expired.
(My
software for converting wav files to mp3 has expired.)
2.3.
The reason behind Code Mixing
There are four factors that influenced people in
using two or more languages. It can be influence by with whom there are talking
to, the place where the conversation happens, what are they talking about and
the aim of the conversation. Holmes (1990:11-12) states that linguistics
choices will generally reflect the influence of one or more than of the
following components:
1. The participant: who is speaking
and whom they are speaking to
(For example: Husband-wife,
teenagers and children)
2.
The
setting or social context of the interaction: where they are speaking? (home,
work, school)
3.
The
topic: what is being talked about?
4.
The
function: why they are speaking? What is the language being used for? Is the
speaker asking a favor or giving order to someone? The aim of purpose of the
interaction may be important.
CHAPTER III
Analysis
of code mixing in video of MTV Ampuh Top 100
MTV
Ampuh Top 100 is one of TV program in Global TV. Most of the presenter here has
mastered two or more languages. Bahasa Indonesia and English are the most
common language that has to be mastered. When they present in their program,
code mixing is commonly happenned. Here is the video of Agnes Monica who
presented chart number 40-21 in MTV Ampuh Top 100. The video is taken from
youtube.
Here is
the script.
“Hello… hello… hello… everybody, we
back again in special addition of MTV
Insertion
Ampuh top seratusand
today we gonna see who is sitting on number forty till twenty-
one along this you are with me the one and
only Agnes Monica. Well… are you ready
guys? Just I’m ready! Ok.. anak nongkrong without
further a do langsung aja kita
Insertion
lihat siapa yang ada di peringkat empat puluh.
Dan
ternyata di peringkat ini kita
punya penyanyi senior. Senior gw juga, yang bisa dibilang
one of the great great great
living
legend in our musical industry.Pasti udah bisa nebak dong siapa. Dia adalah
Alternation
mas Chrisye. Kematangannya di bidang tarik suara emang udah teruji
banget. Apalagi
baru-baru ini dia baru mendapatkan lifetime achievement award yang
diberikan oleh
Ami Award November kemaren. Nah…! If you guys
wanna see another side of
Chrisye. Lets find out more about Chrisye
in Chrisye featuring Project Pop with
Burkat. Check it out! (song…) Hmm… talking
about this band, I bet you guys have
known very well. Yup! It’s Ada Band. Perkembangan band ini
memang semakin
mantap. Bisa kita lihat dari produktivitas mereka yang udah
melahirkan five albums.
Insertion
Gilaa… gw aja baru dua. Hmm… apa lagi di labum yang terakhir yaitu
Heaven of
Love, mereka sukses meraih double platinum. Wow… great job guys! Dan kali ini
kita bakal melihat video mereka yang berhasil masuk di peringkat thirty
nine MTV
Insertion
Ampuh one hundred.
Ok so please enjoy Ada Band with Manusia Bodoh! (song…)
That was Ada Band with Manusia Bodoh. And
you guys, I wanna ask you something.
Have you ever feeling stupid in front of
your girlfriend? I hope not soalnya pasti
Alternation
bakalan ga enak banget. Well… lets move to number thirty eight!
Kita punya satu
grup vocal kocak asal Bandung. Wow… they
are my friends Project Pop and this is
taken from their latest album Pop Cirsus,
the song entitled Indovers. Yup! Video ini
dirilis ketika hari kemerdekaan Indonesia
that’s why we gonna see many things
Alternation
from makanan traditional sampe mainan ala
Indonesia.Mainan ala Indonesia tu apa
ya… congklak kali ya.Well… semuanya lengkap deh. Salut buat
nasionalismenya
Insertion
ya…”
Code
mixing is really happened here because we can see that Anges used the
combination of Bahasa Indonesia and English. The English used here is informal
(gonna, wanna, and etc.) because she realized that the participants of her
program were teenagers. The use of the combination here do not change the topic
delivered. The most common type that is used is Insertion. Then, it’s followed
by Alternation.
CHAPTER IV
Conclusion
People, who have already mastered
two or more languages, usually use code mixing like presenters. They usually
mix more than one language when they speak. The use of code mixing makes them look
more professional. Before using code mixing, they have to consider four things
to think. There are audiences whom they are talking to, topic that they
deliver, setting which mean situation and condition and aim of why they speak. In
code mixing, the change is only on two elements:words and phrases. Moreover, it’s
usually used in informal situation. In short, applying code mixing is really
needed by presenter in order to support their carrier.
References
·
Muysken,
Pieter. 2000. Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code-Mixing. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press
·
Holmes, Janet. 2000. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics 2nd
Edition. UK: Longman Pearson
·
Ikhsanudin. 2009. The Study od Code Mixing Among Javanese People in Sei Bahar 1.
